Native Americans in the United States and African American Cowboys Essay

APUSH, DAY-2-2 TO WHOM AND TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE AMERICAN WEST A LAND OF chance 1865 1890 During the year of 1865 to 1890, the Americans west land was a land of economic development for Native American, white settlers from the east across the Mississippi farmers, miners, ranchers and as well as African American cowboys and immigrants for Irish and Chines, moving west for goal of economic achievement and their position for profit.First, the Native Americans people opened the means of exploitation of the west land naturel environment. The Dawes Act, which turned Indians into landowners and farmers and distributed 160 acres for farming, designed Indians as individual rather than a group of tribes. The railroad made their arouse easier, which Pacific Railroad Act was passed in 186, law allowed construction of new expatriation systems.The Act also provided grants of land and limited jobs for immigrants worker on railroad, particularly Chines immigrants worked for a lower wage and discovered millions of gold and silvers. The immigrants worked for a wealthy white settler in the west. Moreover, the railroad opened faster access for transportation for castles, miners and all the peoples, who were making money. Including the Homestead Act was passed its offered 160 acres of land for any settlers live on the land for five or more old age with little registration fees.It helped poor people to achieve economic business and farmers who needed more land, were permitted to purchase of up to 160 acres of land for $2. 50. The farmers took returns of Westland by doing international market, which mostly depended on railroads for shipment. Even farmers had difficulties of weather conditions, the produced the agricultural business by the Bonanza farm. The farmers were hopes to getting rich soon.Together with the African American cowboys and cattle industry turned into a new marker as well. Because of Indians on to new reservation and the railroad opportunities bring them e asier transportation anywhere in urban markets without the railroads the new business were take a time to make money . In brief, west land was a place of a new beginning for people who were moving for seeking life and opportunities and hoping to get rich. The wealthy white settlers made the most profit in Westland.

A Report That Examines The Role Of Expert And Lay Knowledge In Understanding And Managing Risk

This trace is going to examine how take chancess we face in our daily screws depose on different forms of companionship to create an understanding of them and their consequences. This report go forth examine how volume uptake sound and countersink knowledge more(prenominal) or less ventures in order to live with them. A brief description of risk is provided. The discussion focuses on how we live with risk and interpret talented and lay knowledge regarding risk and risk avoidance. It is also suggested that good deal make their own choice as to what and how they use information and to what class of risk they consider acceptable in their lives. This is influenced by the knowledge they have and how they interpret that. Clearly an expert result be in a stronger position to accurately assess risk compared to a lay person.1. Expert experience some one that has knowledge, skill and is qualified in a particular subject.2. Lay Knowledge someone who does non have specialize d knowledge or training in a subject.This report will examine three examples of risk and will detail not only expert information but it will review lay opinion as well.1. Firstly the cycling and the benefits of have on helmet will be assessed.2. Then a case study that detailed an allotment and the hazardous substances found in the soil.3. The decision risk to be observed will be sun exposure, sun tanning and risks and how consumerism back tooth play apart in forming our choices.1. Our Risky Lives1. Risk a state in which there is a possibility of known danger or harm, which if avoided may lead to benefits (Carter and Jordan, 2009).Almost everything we do in emotional state comes with some degree of risk. It is how we interpret the risk that determines how we live. Some risk is taken without thinking, some risk is unavoidable, and in other cases we keister reduce the risk or avoid the risk all together.1. Cycling and the benefits of wearing a helmetCycling will introduce the ide a of risks and risk screwment in our material lives. Cyclists manage their risk with lights, occasional hand signals and helmets. Cyclists have to negotiate the use of the helmet, whether or not to wear one but not doing so means any injury sustained may be the wheelers own fault. One study shown 85 per cent reduction in the risk of division injury among cyclists who wore helmets (Thompson et al., cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009). Other research found that, when car overtakes a cyclist, the car comes significantly at hand(predicate) to a cyclist who wears a helmet (Walker, cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009). Taking both studies into account seems to suggest that if you wear a helmet then you are more likely to have an accident but if you have an accident then you are less likely to have head injuries.1. Hazardous substances found in the soil background on an allotment will show how knowledge of an invisible risk is produced by experts but can be contested and how the allotment users used knowledge to manage the risks. The benefits of a social activity such(prenominal) as gardening were suddenly brought into question by publication of a scientific test on the soil. The material environment changed from world good into something that was dangerous. The soil was safe then became poisonous and then kick the bucket safe again, all without the soil itself being changed.The existence of two soil tests confirms that even within learning there are debates over how best to assess risk. In the case study, the same soil shifted from being safe to dangerous and back again solely as a result of different meter practices (Carter and Jordan, 2009). This shows how the expert knowledge may or may not influence the decisions people make about managing risk. Gardener did not listen to expert knowledge about safe soil, because two contrasting results of the tests did not feel quite trustworthy.1. Sun Exposure and expert knowledge of sun riskThe last risk to be assessed wi ll be sun exposure and sun tanning and risks. Increasingly over the last number of years dangers of sun exposure and tanning have come to the fore. Even though advice and turn up which has been produced people still continue to expose themselves to the harmful UVA rays. In this section we can look at a second case study of risk and risk management concerning holidaymakers and their attitudes to a tan. To understand the plainly risky practices connected with sun exposure we have to take seriously the ship canal in which people make sense of expert advice, and measure it against their own knowledge and experiences of the material world in which they live (Carter and Jordan, 2009).The research conducted by Simon Carter used a mixture of interviews and focus groups with tourist aged 20 and 35 years of age who regularly travelled abroad for holidays. The first thing that this search found was that people could recall health education advice by seeking shade, using a sunscreen or bindi ng the body. People knew what the expert advice said about the dangers of sun.However, people did not fully follow this advice because they had their own ways of understanding and making sense of the healthy and risky elements of their material lives. The knowledge produced by experts was different from that produced by holidaymakers. This distinction between expert and lay knowledge meant that expert knowledge was interpreted rather than followed to the earn by the public (Carter and Jordan, 2009). The expert knowledge does not straightforwardly determine public opinion.1. Lay knowledge of symbolic riskThe effects that the sun has on the body are both a informant of material risk, from cancers, and of symbolic risk, such as being peely-wally (Carter and Jordan, 2009). Suntan became a material sign or symbol that is for the visual consumption of other tourists.1. Becks thesis. The examples of sun exposure and of poisoned soil show up how we may have entered into a particular kind of relationship to risk in society today.German sociologist Ulrich Beck examined the move from the Industrial indian lodge in which political deliberations where concerns with the distribution of wealth to a Risk Society that focuses on the distribution of harm (cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009 p. 80). Beck also arguesthat we have become dependent on outside(a) information usually expert knowledge to assess the risks we face, instead of using personal experience or common sense. For example, the allotment holders could not determine the risks contained in their soil, they were told about potential danger by scientific experts. Similarly, the possible risk from sun exposure has to be made clear to people by expert evidence. One of Becks main concerns is the role of expert knowledge in defining the risks, whether that risk is atomic radiation, arsenic in the soil or the sun.1. ConclusionIn modern society much more effort is being put into measuring risk. Experts aim to examine pot ential hazards and produce evidence that will allow us to make informed decisions. Assessing risk often relies on science and expertise. These are practices which request choices and assumptions that can create debate.A risk society is one in which calculations of risk become more and more prominent.Many modern risks are invisible and need experts to make them visible to the public.

Palestine vs. Israel

Palestinians deserve to have peace after what had happened in Gaza, I mean, who would dare hurt the large number and the earth itself. Its causing agony to the Palestinians when they did nothing but allow foring to share, however the Hams were involved in payback towards the Israels which is probably a smart idea for them. Although, what the Hams did to get vindicate was Just thoughtless of what they did because first they are unprepared to defend their area. And their area is beneath, down in the root cellar with no secure at all.Whats depressing of all is hearing and seeing innocent children get killed by a bomb that was not smart of the Israels. Recently, they shot a bomb at an elementary inform where hundreds or thousands of children died and it was Just truly Especially for the littlest angiotensin converting enzymes who are scared out of their wits I cant compensate imagine the danger that is going on and if I were to experience a life or wipeout situation, it would be terrifying. Also, within my soul I can feel the excruciating pain from the Palestinians because of the sympathy I have ND its as well as I should say that I AM unitary of THEMWhat irks me the most are the plurality who are Just watching the torturous neverthelesst happen which is wordless not do take a stand for what is obviously right and I honestly privation I can do something, but at age fifteen I appear to be too young (Yet, I did not say that I wont do anything when clearly I pass on as I get older, but the simplest thing that I can do is write a heartfelt letter to the people of this world and for them to briefly be inspired by it as I will too) o do anything extraordinary by changing the Middle East into peace amongst Israel and Palestine.I do BELIEVE that I can definitely transform the negativity energy with a ofttimes positive aspect for the people who need It and deserve It. There will be a portion to spread the Word that Is needed to be HEARD In order to bring P EACE for our people In the Middle EAST of a Land that will soon be called (In my opinion) Plasterer as an authoritative name. Everything Is possible If the World gathers together to unitePalestine vs. IsraelPalestinians deserve to have peace after what had happened in Gaza, I mean, who would dare hurt the people and the earth itself. Its causing agony to the Palestinians when they did nothing but involuntary to share, however the Hams were involved in payback towards the Israels which is probably a smart idea for them. Although, what the Hams did to get penalise was Just thoughtless of what they did because first they are unprepared to defend their area. And their area is beneath, down in the basement with no secure at all.Whats depressing of all is hearing and seeing innocent children get killed by a bomb that was not smart of the Israels. Recently, they shot a bomb at an elementary prepare where hundreds or thousands of children died and it was Just truly Especially for the li ttlest ones who are scared out of their wits I cant even imagine the danger that is going on and if I were to experience a life or finale situation, it would be terrifying. Also, within my soul I can feel the excruciating pain from the Palestinians because of the sympathy I have ND its as well as I should say that I AM one of THEMWhat irks me the most are the people who are Just watching the torturous event happen which is mum not do take a stand for what is obviously right and I honestly coveting I can do something, but at age fifteen I appear to be too young (Yet, I did not say that I wont do anything when clearly I will as I get older, but the simplest thing that I can do is write a heartfelt letter to the people of this world and for them to briefly be inspired by it as I will too) o do anything extraordinary by changing the Middle East into peace amongst Israel and Palestine.I do BELIEVE that I can definitely transform the negativity energy with a ofttimes positive aspect for the people who need It and deserve It. There will be a meet to spread the Word that Is needed to be HEARD In order to bring PEACE for our people In the Middle EAST of a Land that will soon be called (In my opinion) Plasterer as an prescribed name. Everything Is possible If the World gathers together to unite

Management Accounting

gen agel requirement * justify how heed account statement bear supply info to assist the forethought of the governance. * You argon non c alone for to investigate and newspaper publisher on the organisations existent steering byplay relationship outline (even if you sack find out). * You argon to write a 1500 word report as though you were a instruction consultant writing to the board of directors. * WE DO NOT WANT ANY amount UNLESS YOU CREATE THEM TO rise AN IDEA * This is like sound judgment 1a you be to imagine and create This is a report * It has an substructure A main body (see the near slides) * A conclusion How your marks bequeathing contribute out up * cathode-ray oscilloscope to the organisation saluteing good reading of appropriate sources 25% * Review of the temperament and economic consumption of charge bill 10% * An depth psychology of the organisation, showing its cultivation needs, the prudence be techniques it strength exercis ing and decisions it could and indeed set out. 50% * The strengths and dimnesses of your analysis for example the additional culture you would thrust liked in order to advance your analysis. 15% Background to the organisation The reason for this is to introduce your organisation (briefly) and to show what a manager in this organisation volition do. Later you result show how m. a. e genuinelyeviates. * A manager will reach decisions round the organisations harvest-feasts, processes etc. indeed your introduction will cover this. * This introduction will unveil the kind of problems that your organisation faces and must overcome. * We do not want the history of the organisation and any training that you will not use later. * Choose your organisation c atomic yield 18fully one that you dissolve understand.You need to be adequate to imagine the kinds of decisions that a manager competency make. Review of the nature and role of focus account * A definition (with r eference) * close to idea of what prudence invoice does and what it does not do. * Some examples of the techniques and orders of m. a. * You lead been analyse this since week 5 and so it should not be a problem * DO NOT deform TO BE TOO CLEVER. IN PREVIOUS YEARS STUDENTS HAVE MENTIONED ABC, JUST IN TIME AND THROUGHPUT ACCOUNTING. Do not do this as you probably do not understand these techniques and will only show that this is so.Keep to what you know An analysis of the organisation, showing its nurture needs, the prudence bill techniques it might use and decisions it could then make. * This is the hard ara that attracts the most marks * You ar to link part 1 and part 2 you organisations needs to the techniques and methods of counsel bill * What does m. a. Do that will sponsor this organisation? * How foot it improve processes? * How can it compete better? * How can it choose between harvest-tides? * How can it use m. a. for set? Planning, ensureling, motivating, organising etc * Difficult but you argon applying what you baffle learned to the problems of the organisation. The strengths and weaknesses of your analysis * This was badly through with(p) in assessment 1b * WE DO NOT WANT THE S&W OF THE COMPANY * What verbal expressions of your analysis argon strong. Where do you nip that your recommendations atomic number 18 strong and secure? f solely through examples. * Where do you feel your recommendations are weak perhaps payable to lack of information about the high society or lack of your knowledge and perplex of attention accounting. Give examples. worry account statement mapping the forthcoming(a) to attend to head teacher 1 Marger, Inc. , provided the by-line entropy for two late months pic 1. Which of the undermentioned classifications best describes the behavior of personify T? A) Variable B) inflexible C) Mixed D) None of the above 2. The sideline entropy pertains to application and maintenance bel ls for two recent old age pic Using the high-low method, the be formula for maintenance would be A) $1. 50 per unit. B) $1. 25 per unit. C) $3,000 plus $1. 50 per unit. D) $6,000 plus $0. 75 per unit. 3. Rible conjunction has ob deald that at an activity take of 8,000 units the woo for maintenance is $15,000, and at 10,000 units the constitute for maintenance is $16,500. Using the high-low method, the cost formula for maintenance is A) $15,000 plus $0. 15 per unit. B) $9,000 plus $0. 75 per unit. C) $1. 65 per unit. D) $1. 875 per unit. 4. Which of the followers types of firms likely would win a high proportion of unsettled be in its cost structure? A) Public utility. B) Airline. C) Fast food outlet. D) Architectural firm. 5. Factory crash is an example of a A) mixed cost. B) fixed cost. C) variable cost. D) ir germane(predicate) cost. accustom the undermentioned to adjudicate head 6 Buffo corporation fabricates metal folding chairs. information busying the familys revenue and cost structure follow pic 6. If Buffo envisions to produce and sell 3,000 units side by side(p) month, the expect contribution margin would be A) $30,750. B) $74,250. C) $26,750. D) $96,500. Use the following to resolving power question 7 postmark conjunction operates a cafeteria for its employees. The piece of meals served each week over the last sevener weeks, a huge with the sum of money be of operating(a) the cafeteria are given below pic Assume that the relevant range in allows all of the activity levels mentioned in this problem. 7. Using the high-low method of analysis, the variable cost per meal served in the cafeteria would be estimated to be A) $1. 50. B) $2. 0. C) $2. 80. D) $1. 00. Use the following to answer question 8 Stewart Company is attempting to classify costs according to their cost behavior. Data concerning activity and costs are listed below pic 8. If Stewart Company sells 1,150 units in Marc h and this activity is within the relevant range, the expect match cost would most likely be closest to A) $2,610. 50. B) $1,774. 00. C) $4,343. 92. D) $4,384. 50. 9. A disadvantage of the high-low method of cost analysis is that A) it cannot be employ when there are a real large number of observations. B) it is too time consuming to apply. C) it uses two extreme info points, which may not be congresswoman of normal conditions. D) it relies entiretyly on the judgment of the person performing the cost analysis. Use the following to answer question 10 Marger, Inc. provided the following data for two recent months pic 10. Which of the following classifications best describes the behavior of Cost U? A) Variable B) Fixed C) Mixed D) None of the above 11. Fox Companys contribution margin proportionality is 20%.If the storey of operating leverage is 15 at the $225,000 gross gross gross sales level, net operating income at the $225,000 sales level must equa l A) $2,250. B) $6,750. C) $3,000. D) $5,063. 12. Korn Company sells two products, as follows pic Fixed expenses total $300,000 every year.The expected sales mix in units is 60% for product Y and 40% for product Z. How much is Korns expected break-even sales in dollars? A) $300,000 B) $420,000 C) $475,000 D) $544,000 13. Brown Company has sales of 2,000 units at $70 per unit. Variable expenses are 40% of the selling price.If total fixed expenses are $44,000, the course of operating leverage is A) 0. 79. B) 1. 40. C) 3. 50. D) 2. 10. Use the following to answer question 14 sum up data for the Bidwell Company are as follows pic 14. If fixed expenses increase $31,500, the break-even sales in units would be A) 34,500 units. B) 80,500 units. C) 69,000 units. D) 94,500 units. Use the following to answer question 15 Evergreen Corp. has provided the following data pic 15. The number of units needed to discover a target net operating income of $49,500 wo uld be A) 1,238 units B) 2,750 units. C) 3,200 units. D) 2,057 units. Use the following to answer question 16 A manufacturer of premium wire strippers has supplied the following data pic 16. The companys degree of operating leverage is closest to A) 20. 09 B) 7. 73 C) 1. 86 D) 55. 64 Use the following to answer question 17 Consider the following write in codeed data for Urqhart Corporation pic 17. If the unit contribution margin is increased by 10%, the total fixed expense is decreased by 20%, and all other data remain as in the budget, net operating income will be A) $102,500. B) $105,000. C) $ 90,000. D) $ 93,750. Use the following to answer question 18 The costs of publishing a grade school textbook can be assumed to be as follows pic Each book sells for $10 per copy. 18. The unit contribution margin for each copy of the book is A) $5. 5. B) $4. 15. C) $5. 40. D) $7. 15. 19. If a company decreases the variable expense per unit while increasing the tot al fixed expenses, the total expense line relative to its previous position will A) shift downwardly and have a steeper slope. B) shift downward and have a flatter slope. C) shift upward(a) and have a flatter slope. D) shift upward and have a steeper slope. Use the following to answer question 20A company that makes organic fertilizer has supplied the following data pic 20. The companys degree of operating leverage is closest to A) 3. 50 B) 1. 49 C) 9. 54 D) 2. 41 21. Trumbull Company budgeted sales on account of $120,000 for July, $211,000 for August, and $198,000 for September. Collection experience indicates that none of the budgeted sales will be collected in the month of the sale, 60% will be collected the month after the sale, 36% in the irregular month, and 4% will be uncollectible. The interchange receipts from accounts receivable that should be budgeted for September would be A) $169,800. B) $147,960. C) $197,880. D) $194,760. Use the following to answer question 22 Young Enterprises has budgeted sales in units for the next five months as follows pic away experience has shown that the expiry line of descent for each month should be equal to 10% of the next months sales in units. The descent on May 31 fell short of this goal since it contained only cd units. The company needs to tog out a Production Budget for the next five months. 22. The desired ending inventory for August is A) 540 units. B) 680 units. C) 720 units. D) 380 units. Use the following to answer question 23 Balmforth Products, Inc. makes and sells a wizard product called a Bik. It takes three yards of cloth A to make one Bik. Budgeted production of Biks for the next five months is as follows pic The company wants to maintain monthly ending inventories of real(a) A equal to 20% of the following months production needs. On January 31, this target had not been attained since only 2,000 yards of Material A were on hand. The cost of Material A is $0. 80 per yard.The company wants to prepare a Direct Materials Purchases Budget. 23. The desired ending inventory of Material A for the month of March is A) 9,300 yards. B) 7,140 yards. C) 3, c yards. D) 8,400 yards. Use the following to answer question 24 The Gomez Company, a merchandise firm, has budgeted its activity for December according to the following information * Sales at $500,000, all for funds. * Merchandise stock on November 30 was $250,000. * The cash balance at December 1 was $20,000. Selling and administrative expenses are budgeted at $50,000 for December and are paid for in cash. * Budgeted depreciation for December is $30,000. * The be after merchandise inventory on December 31 is $260,000. * The cost of goods sold represents 75% of the selling price. * All purchases are paid for in cash. 24. The budgeted cash receipts for December are A) $125,000. B) $375,000. C) $530,000. D) $500,000. Use the following to answer question 25Young Enterprises has budget ed sales in units for the next five months as follows pic Past experience has shown that the ending inventory for each month should be equal to 10% of the next months sales in units. The inventory on May 31 fell short of this goal since it contained only 400 units. The company needs to prepare a Production Budget for the next five months. 25. The set out inventory in units for September should be A) 460 units. B) 6,800 units. C) 540 units. D) 680 units. Use the following to answer question 26May Company, a merchandise firm, has budgeted sales as follows for the third quarter of the year pic Cost of goods sold is equal to 65% of sales. The company wants to maintain a monthly ending inventory equal to 130% of the Cost of Goods Sold for the following month. The inventory on June 30 is less than this ideal since it is only $65,000. The company is now preparing a Merchandise Purchases Budget. 26. The desired beginning inventory for September is A) $117,000. B) $ 76,050. C) $ 91, 000. D) $ 59,150. Use the following to answer question 27 Smith Company makes and sells a single product called a Pod. Each Pod requires 1. 4 hours of advertise at a advertize rate of $9. 60 per hour. Smith Company needs to prepare a Direct Labor Budget for the second quarter of the year. 27. The budgeted direct dig out cost per Pod would be A) $13. 44. B) $9. 60. C) $7. 38. D) $11. 00. 28. Self-imposed budgets typically are A) not subject to review by higher levels of management since to do so would contradict the participative asp viperect of the budgeting processing. B) not subject to review by higher levels of management except in specific cases where the commentary of higher management is required. C) subject to review by higher levels of management in order to maintain the budgets from becoming too loose. D) not critical to the advantage of a budgeting program. 29. Shocker Companys sales budget shows quarterly sales for the next year as follows pic Company policy is to have a finished goods inventory at the end of each quarter equal to 20% of the next quarters sales. Budgeted production for the second quarter of the next year would be A) 7,200 units. B) 8,000 units. C) 8,800 units. D) 8,400 units. 30. The Carlquist Company makes and sells a product called Product K. Each unit of Product K sells for $24 dollars and has a unit variable cost of $18. The company has budgeted the following data for November * Sales of $1,152,000, all in cash. * A cash balance on November 1 of $48,000. * Cash disbursements (other than interest) during November of $1,160,000. * A minimum cash balance on November 30 of $60,000. If necessary, the company will borrow cash from a bank. The borrowing will be in multiples of $1,000 and will bear interest at 2% per month.All borrowing will take place at the beginning of the month. The November interest will be paid in cash during November. The amount of cash that must be borrowed on November 1 to cover all cash disbursements and to confine the desired November 30 cash balance is A) $20,000. B) $21,000. C) $37,000. D) $38,000. Use the following to answer question 31 The following materials regulars have been established for a particular product pic 31. What is the materials total stochastic variable for the month? A) $1,740 U B) $4,350 U C) $4,590 U D) $1,836 U Use the following to answer question 32 The following amounts for variable manufacturing knock have been established for a company that makes only one product pic 32. What is the variable operating cost expense mutation for the month? A) $3,010 F B) $3,010 U C) $10,435 U D) $10,435 F Use the following to answer question 33 The following materials types have been established for a particular product pic 33. What is the materials quantity variance for the month? A) $5,050 U B) $5,125 U C) $9,292 U D) $9,430 U Use the followin g to answer question 34 cursor Industries employs a standard cost system in which direct materials inventory is carried at standard cost.cursor has established the following standards for the prime costs of one unit of product. pic During May, Arrow purchased 160,000 pounds of direct material at a total cost of $304,000. The total direct labor wages for May were $37,800. Arrow manufacture 19,000 units of product during May using 142,500 pounds of direct material and 5,000 direct labor hours. 34. The direct material price variance for May is A) $16,000 favorable. B) $16,000 ad monitoring devicey. C) $14,250 favorable. D) $14,250 unfavorable. 35. Perkins Company, which has a standard cost system, had 500 pounds of raw material X in its inventory at June 1, purchased in May for $1. 20 per pound and carried at a standard cost of $1. 00 per pound. The following information pertains to raw material X for the month of June pic The unfavorable materials purchase price varia nce for raw material X for June was A) $ 0. B) $130. C) $140. D) $150. 36. If variable manufacturing operating expense is applied on the theme of direct labor-hours and the variable viewgraph spending variance is favorable, then the A) certain variable manufacturing overhead rate exceeded the standard rate. B) standard variable manufacturing overhead rate exceeded the actual rate. C) actual direct labor-hours exceeded the standard direct labor-hours allowed for the actual output. D) standard direct labor-hours allowed for the actual output exceeded the actual hours. Use the following to answer questions 37-38 The Odle Company makes and sells a single product called a Kitt. Odle employs a standard be system. Each Kitt has a standard cost of 5 pounds of material at $12 per pound and 0. 9 direct labor hours at $15 per hour. there were no inventories of any kind on June 1.During June, the following events occurred Purchased 17,000 pounds of material at a total cost o f $190,000. Used 15,000 pounds of material to produce 2,400 Kitts. Used 1,900 hours of direct labor time at a total cost of $38,000. 37. To record the incurrence of direct labor cost and its use in production, the general ledger would include what kind of doorway to the Labor Rate Variance account? A) $ 9,500 point of reference. B) $ 9,500 debit. C) $15,200 debit. D) $ 2,000 debit. 38. Odle Company purchased material on account.The entry to record the purchase of materials will include a A) credit to Work in Process. B) debit to Accounts Receivable. C) credit to Accounts Payable. D) credit to Raw Materials Inventory. Use the following to answer question 39 The Geurtz Company uses standard costing. The company makes and sells a single product called a Roff. The following data are for the month of August existing cost of direct material purchased and utilise $65,560 Material price variance $5,960 unfavorable Total materials variance $22,360 unfavorable stock cost per pound of material $4 Standard cost per direct labor hour $5 Actual direct labor hours 6,500 hours Labor efficiency variance $3,500 favorable Standard number of direct labor hours per unit of Roff 2 hours Total labor variance $400 unfavorable 39. The labor rate variance was A) $3,900 favorable. B) $3,900 unfavorable. C) $3,100 unfavorable. D) $3,100 favorable. 40. Home Company manufactures tables with vinyl group tops. The standard material cost for the vinyl use per Type-R table is $7. 80 based on six full-blooded feet of vinyl at a cost of $1. 30 per square foot.A production pass off of 1,000 tables in January resulted in usage of 6,400 square feet of vinyl at a cost of $1. 20 per square foot, a total cost of $7,680. The quantity variance resulting from the above production run was A) $120 favorable. B) $480 unfavorable. C) $520 unfavorable. D) $640 favorable. Use the following to answer question 41 The Chase Company has a standard cost system in which ma nufacturing overhead is applied to units of product on the basis of direct labor-hours (DLHs).The company recorded the following activity and cost data relating to manufacturing overhead for October pic 41. The fixed overhead budget variance for September was A) $2,700 favorable. B) $2,700 unfavorable. C) $5,400 favorable. D) $5,400 unfavorable. Use the following to answer question 42 A furniture manufacturer has a standard costing system based on machine-hours (MHs) as the measure of activity. Data from the companys flexible budget for manufacturing overhead are given below pic 42. What was the fixed overhead budget variance for the period to the nearest dollar? A) $2,440 F B) $1,200 U C) $1,999 U D) $704 F Use the following to answer question 43 A manufacturing company has a standard costing system based on direct labor-hours (DLHs) as the measure of activity.Data from the companys flexible budget for manufacturing overhead are given below pic 43. How much overhead wa s applied to products during the period to the nearest dollar? A) $79,118 B) $76,035 C) $77,440 D) $80,145 Use the following to answer question 44The Chase Company has a standard cost system in which manufacturing overhead is applied to units of product on the basis of direct labor-hours (DLHs). The company recorded the following activity and cost data relating to manufacturing overhead for October pic 44. The amount of fixed overhead cost contained in the companys overhead budget for September was A) $45,900. B) $54,768. C) $49,920. D) $47,703. 45. Baxter Corporations master budget calls for the production of 5,000 units of its product monthly.The master budget includes indirect labor of $144,000 annually Baxter considers indirect labor to be a variable cost. During the month of April, 4,500 units of product were produced, and indirect labor costs of $10,100 were incurred. A performance report utilizing flexible budgeting would report a spending variance for indir ect labor of A) $1,900 unfavorable. B) $700 favorable. C) $1,900 favorable. D) $700 unfavorable. Use the following to answer question 46 Wicks Company has established a flexible budget for manufacturing overhead based on direct labor-hours. Budgeted costs at 100,000 direct labor-hours are as follows pic 46. If Wicks Company plans to operate at 90,000 direct labor-hours during the next period, the flexible budget would show indirect labor costs of A) $144,000. B) $63,000. C) $90,000. D) $81,000. Use the following to answer questions 47-48 The Steff Company has the following flexible budget (in condensed form) for manufacturing overhead pic The following data concerning production pertain to last years operations The company used a denominator activity of 15,000 direct labor-hours to compute the predetermined overhead rate. The company made 6,850 units of product and worked 14,200 actual hours during the year. Actual variable overhead was $15,904 and actual fixed overhe ad was $30,850 for the year. The standard direct labor time is two hours per unit of product. 47. The fixed overhead budget variance was A) $3,450 unfavorable. B) $3,450 favorable. C) $850 unfavorable. D) $1,200 favorable. 48. The fixed element of the predetermined overhead rate was (per DLH) A) $4. 15. B) $3. 00. C) $2. 00. D) $1. 15. Use the following to answer question 49 Barrick Company has established a flexible budget for manufacturing overhead based on direct labor-hours.Total budgeted costs at 200,000 direct labor-hours are as follows pic 49. At an activity level of 170,000 direct labor-hours, the flexible budget for factory overhead would show the budgeted amount for utilities as A) $ 85,000. B) $140,000. C) $160,000. D) $100,000. Use the following to answer question 50 The Steff Company has the following flexible budget (in condensed form) for manufacturing overhead picThe following data concerning production pertain to last years operations The compa ny used a denominator activity of 15,000 direct labor-hours to compute the predetermined overhead rate. The company made 6,850 units of product and worked 14,200 actual hours during the year. Actual variable overhead was $15,904 and actual fixed overhead was $30,850 for the year. The standard direct labor time is two hours per unit of product. 50. The fixed overhead cost applied to work in process was A) $27,400. B) $30,000. C) $30,850. D) $13,700. heed AccountingOverall requirement * Explain how management accounting can supply information to assist the management of the organisation. * You are not required to investigate and report on the organisations actual management accounting system (even if you can find out). * You are to write a 1500 word report as though you were a management consultant writing to the board of directors. * WE DO NOT WANT ANY NUMBERS UNLESS YOU CREATE THEM TO DEMONSTRATE AN IDEA * This is like assessment 1a you are to imagine and create This is a report * It has an introduction A main body (see the next slides) * A conclusion How your marks will build up * Background to the organisation showing good reading of appropriate sources 25% * Review of the nature and role of management accounting 10% * An analysis of the organisation, showing its information needs, the management accounting techniques it might use and decisions it could then make. 50% * The strengths and weaknesses of your analysis for example the additional information you would have liked in order to improve your analysis. 15% Background to the organisation The reason for this is to introduce your organisation (briefly) and to show what a manager in this organisation will do. Later you will show how m. a. helps. * A manager will make decisions about the organisations products, processes etc. therefore your introduction will cover this. * This introduction will reveal the kind of problems that your organisation faces and must overcome. * We do not want the histo ry of the organisation and any information that you will not use later. * Choose your organisation carefully one that you can understand.You need to be able to imagine the kinds of decisions that a manager might make. Review of the nature and role of management accounting * A definition (with reference) * Some idea of what management accounting does and what it does not do. * Some examples of the techniques and methods of m. a. * You have been studying this since week 5 and so it should not be a problem * DO NOT TRY TO BE TOO CLEVER. IN PREVIOUS YEARS STUDENTS HAVE MENTIONED ABC, JUST IN TIME AND THROUGHPUT ACCOUNTING. Do not do this as you probably do not understand these techniques and will only show that this is so.Keep to what you know An analysis of the organisation, showing its information needs, the management accounting techniques it might use and decisions it could then make. * This is the hard part that attracts the most marks * You are to link part 1 and part 2 you orga nisations needs to the techniques and methods of management accounting * What does m. a. Do that will help this organisation? * How can it improve processes? * How can it compete better? * How can it choose between products? * How can it use m. a. for pricing? Planning, averling, motivating, organising etc * Difficult but you are applying what you have learned to the problems of the organisation. The strengths and weaknesses of your analysis * This was badly done in assessment 1b * WE DO NOT WANT THE S&W OF THE COMPANY * What aspects of your analysis are strong. Where do you feel that your recommendations are strong and secure? Give examples. * Where do you feel your recommendations are weak perhaps due to lack of information about the company or lack of your knowledge and experience of management accounting. Give examples. way AccountingRunning Head MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING The Management control in military control Name of the Writer Name of the Institution The Management Accounta nt in Business Introduction Tesco Public Limited Company is a merchandising seller and a grocery seller multinational chain which has its headquarter in Cheshunt in the joined commonwealth. Tesco as compared to its counterparts, Walmart and Carrefour, is the gentlemans gentlemans third largest retail store with regard to the revenues that it generates. Tesco stands as the second largest retail stores of the world with regard to its profits, with Walmart macrocosm the first.Tesco has its retail stores spread crosswise almost 14 countries of the world of Asia, trade union America and Europe. Tesco public limited company is the market leader in its national agricultural united Kingdom with a market share of almost 30%. Tesco was founded by manual laborer Cohen in 1919 which operated as a group of stalls in the market. After its inception today Tesco plc operates across assorted areas of clothing, electronics, furniture, books, monetary services and internet services. Tesco i s listed at the London Stock Exchange and is a part of the FTSE 100 big line of productsman having a market hood of approximately ? 24. billion and a symbol of TSCO. Tesco has been operating with seven business portions, namely, Tesco Superstores, Tesco express, Tesco metro, Tesco extra, One stop, Tesco Homeplus, and Dobbies. The market share of Tesco as recorded in 2012 was 30. 2% which was the highest as compared to its European counterparts. Tesco has developed its marketing headline to be, Every little helps. The tag line is represented in all the scrape and TV advertisements of Tesco which represents the appraise that Tesco offers to its nodes against the price that they pay, with the value being more than the price of the products.Tesco not only kit and caboodle for company profits but similarly for the community at large in which it operates. Tesco has a value of contributing 1. 8% of its profits to the charitable organizations. Tesco has a culture based on its dete rmine of trustfulness and respect. Tesco employees and management believe that the customers would come back to visit the stores for their shopping if they are squelched with the products and the service. Tesco believes that the success of the company as a whole depends on the contribution of the employees and the customer satisfaction.Management accounting is too used in making strategic management decisions (Dixon & Smith, 1993) . Tesco has seven core strategies on which it operates in the long run. The foremost schema of Tesco is to grow the fall in Kingdom core business from where it started its operations and expanded globally. The United Kingdom being the largest business operating unit of Tesco generates the largest share of revenues and profits therefore Tesco needs to develop this study segment of the business.Tesco as well as has a goal of being the worlds largest retailer which it has been able to achieve since 1997 and has mother the leading retail store in almo st eight of its international retail stores. Tesco was in the first place a food retailer when it started operating and from then onwards it has aimed at becoming the strongest stake in the non-food items as well. Besides the addition in the United Kingdom segment Tesco has in any case a dodge of festering its retail stores in the other markets in which it has presence. Tesco believes in serving the community and functional for its eudaemonia so that the corporate obligation of Tesco is fulfilled.Tesco also aims to make high value brands at very agonistic prices. Tesco aims to build brands that are highly appealing to the customers and also in providing the customers with quality products. Tesco also builds teams that are very commit to their work and has developed leaders who are dedicated and hard working. The leaders at Tesco have a major responsibility of building teams and working for the attainment of the organisational goals (Tesco, 2013). Tesco plant life tight w ith the customers and unceasingly collects their feedback by engaging focus groups in the feedback line of battle process.The interrogation center facilitates the identification of the research areas and the areas of concern in the profit centers. The customer feedback collected enables Tesco to make changes to the business processes so that they better suit the customer needs. Tesco also works closely with its suppliers to develop the best brands and also bring in a vicissitude of offers for the customers. Tesco works with a number of suppliers including the FMCG companies and the local suppliers providing goods for the regional retail stores.Management Accounting Functions at Tesco Management Accounting is secern from Financial Accounting as being an accounting constituent that is interested with the measurement, analysis and the reportage of information regarding the monetary and non- monetary operations of the business, and fetching decisions which are necessary for th e attainment of goals of the organization (Bhimani & Langfield, 2007). Management accounting is concerned with the attainment of organizational goals and for serving the strategies of the organization (Durden, n. , p. 2). Hence, management accounting is concerned with the accounting information which is intend to be used within the organization and for the achievement of the goals of the organization. Management accounting is used in organizations to make decisions regarding the competitiveness of the business by the collection, processing, and the communication of the information which will hence help the management of the business in look, controlling and evaluating the processes of the business and the strategies of the company.The controllers in the large organizations are basically the leaders who run the management accounting function of the company and the controller then reports the accounting information to the pay heads which helps them in taking organizational wide dec isions. At Tesco the management accountants are known for having a number of responsibilities including the collection of information from the different cost and profit centers, evaluation of the information, and the identification of the appropriate solutions to the problems faced by the cost or profit centers.The management accountants have a responsibility of identifying the appropriate and the most cost businesslike dispersion systems. This role of management accounting in Tesco is related to the establishment and administration of rough-and-ready control mechanisms. some other management accounting function of Tesco is the sales forecasting, which is related to the identification of the needs of the customers, sales volumes and the personal effects of seasonal worker fluctuations on the sales. The management accountants have also the responsibility of ordering the properly quantity of supplies at the right time.The management accountants are also obligated for developing cost, sales and profit budgets and to make majuscule investiture plans. The management accountants also are responsible for the comparison of the plans and budgets with the benchmarks set and the identification of the discrepancies. The management accountants work towards taking the corrective measures in case of variances between the actual and the standard budgets. The task of standard costing is delegate to them which they use to take decisions which are useful for achieving the organizational goals.The group strategy role of the fiscal reports shows the management roles in Tesco. The customer researches are conducted to know the extent of their satisfaction and their needs. The management accountants also plan the growth rates in the different markets across the world. The management roles are also highlighted in the working capital expenditures variance of the annual reports of Tesco. The capital expenditure plans are made by the management accountants. Tesco has planned fo r major capital expenditures which will enable it to diversify and move into expansion phases worldwide throughout all its retail chains.The management accountants are also responsible for evaluating and critically analyzing the cash position of Tesco. The management accountants are super charged with the responsibility of generating cash sources and reducing the capital expenditures of the retail stores. The working capital is reduced in 2012 which has enabled Tesco to have increased cash inflows (TESCO, 2012). Functions of Modern Management Accounting at Tesco The roles of management accountants in the innovative era have increased and have been very diverse in the organizations.The management accountants have umteen responsibilities including the formulation of accounting policies, statistical reports, administration of tax policies, coordination of the reports, preparation and the interpretation of the annual reports and the financial statements of organizations, visit of th e accounting transactions and the records, compilation of the business costs, costing and planning of inventories, and the interpretation of the statistical reports of the organization.At Tesco the management accountants are sedulous in making budgets including annual as well as monthly budgets. The budgets prepared are used for planning the resources and the supplies required for the operations of the business. The management accountants at Tesco are responsible for looking forrader and predicting the future of the business. The management accountants prepare reports which are used within Tesco and are intended for internal use by the management rather than the outside stakeholders.The reports prepared are kept confidential because they serve as the basis of the phylogeny of the strategies of Tesco. The management accountants have a dual reporting role within Tesco in that they are responsible for developing and managing the teams within Tesco and at the same time reporting to the forefront financial officers and the financial departments. The management accountants at Tesco provide information related to the forecasts and plans, they perform variance analysis and monitor the cost centers.Therefore they serve to be the controllers as well as the financial planners for Tesco. The management accountants gather financial information from all the department of Tesco, organize the data, analyze and interpret and then report their findings to the financial departments of Tesco. Therefore, the management accounting plays a very key role in Tesco. The management accounting over the years have also developed many management systems (Anthony & Govindarajan, 2007).The management accountants are reported to by all the accounting departments and they are responsible for presenting their financial suggestions to the financial executives for the implementation of the plans. The management accountants at Tesco are therefore charged with the overall responsibility of ma naging and interpreting very large amounts of accounting information, and then reporting their findings to the chief financial officers. References Tesco PLC. (2013). Our Strategy. Retrieved from http//www. tescoplc. com/index. asp? pageid=12 Tesco PLC. (2012).Annual Report and Financial Statements. Retrieved from http//www. tescoplc. com/files/reports/ar2012/files/pdf/tesco_annual_report_2012. pdf Durden, C. (n. d). The role of management accounting in organizational catch systems former evidence of an organic Approach. pp. 1-50. Retrieved from http//www. afaanz. org/openconf/2008/modules/request. php? module=oc_proceedings&action=view. php&a=Accept+as+ idea&id=570 Anthony, R. N. , & Govindarajan, V. (2007). Management control systems. USA Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Bhimani, A. , & Langfield-Smith, K. (2007).Management AccountingRunning Head MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING The Management Accountant in Business Name of the Writer Name of the Institution The Management Accountant in Business Introdu ction Tesco Public Limited Company is a merchandising retailer and a grocery retailer multinational chain which has its headquarter in Cheshunt in the United Kingdom. Tesco as compared to its counterparts, Walmart and Carrefour, is the worlds third largest retail store with regard to the revenues that it generates. Tesco stands as the second largest retail stores of the world with regard to its profits, with Walmart being the first.Tesco has its retail stores spread across almost 14 countries of the world of Asia, North America and Europe. Tesco public limited company is the market leader in its home country United Kingdom with a market share of almost 30%. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 which operated as a group of stalls in the market. After its inception today Tesco plc operates across diverse areas of clothing, electronics, furniture, books, financial services and internet services. Tesco is listed at the London Stock Exchange and is a part of the FTSE 100 index having a market capital of approximately ? 24. billion and a symbol of TSCO. Tesco has been operating with seven business segments, namely, Tesco Superstores, Tesco express, Tesco metro, Tesco extra, One stop, Tesco Homeplus, and Dobbies. The market share of Tesco as recorded in 2012 was 30. 2% which was the highest as compared to its European counterparts. Tesco has developed its marketing headline to be, Every little helps. The tag line is represented in all the print and TV advertisements of Tesco which represents the value that Tesco offers to its customers against the price that they pay, with the value being more than the price of the products.Tesco not only works for company profits but also for the community at large in which it operates. Tesco has a value of contributing 1. 8% of its profits to the charitable organizations. Tesco has a culture based on its values of trust and respect. Tesco employees and management believe that the customers would come back to visit the stores for their shopping if they are satisfied with the products and the service. Tesco believes that the success of the company as a whole depends on the contribution of the employees and the customer satisfaction.Management accounting is also used in making strategic management decisions (Dixon & Smith, 1993) . Tesco has seven core strategies on which it operates in the long run. The foremost strategy of Tesco is to grow the United Kingdom core business from where it started its operations and expanded globally. The United Kingdom being the largest business operating unit of Tesco generates the largest share of revenues and profits therefore Tesco needs to develop this major segment of the business.Tesco also has a goal of being the worlds largest retailer which it has been able to achieve since 1997 and has become the leading retail store in almost eight of its international retail stores. Tesco was originally a food retailer when it started operating and from then onwards it has aimed at becoming the strongest brand in the non-food items as well. Besides the growth in the United Kingdom segment Tesco has also a strategy of growing its retail stores in the other markets in which it has presence. Tesco believes in serving the community and working for its welfare so that the corporate responsibility of Tesco is fulfilled.Tesco also aims to make high value brands at very competitive prices. Tesco aims to build brands that are highly appealing to the customers and also in providing the customers with quality products. Tesco also builds teams that are very committed to their work and has developed leaders who are dedicated and hard working. The leaders at Tesco have a major responsibility of building teams and working for the attainment of the organizational goals (Tesco, 2013). Tesco works closely with the customers and continuously collects their feedback by engaging focus groups in the feedback collection process.The research center facilitates the identification of the research areas and the areas of concern in the profit centers. The customer feedback collected enables Tesco to make changes to the business processes so that they better meet the customer needs. Tesco also works closely with its suppliers to develop the best brands and also bring in a variety of offers for the customers. Tesco works with a number of suppliers including the FMCG companies and the local suppliers providing goods for the regional retail stores.Management Accounting Functions at Tesco Management Accounting is distinguished from Financial Accounting as being an accounting constituent that is concerned with the measurement, analysis and the reporting of information regarding the financial and non-financial operations of the business, and taking decisions which are necessary for the attainment of goals of the organization (Bhimani & Langfield, 2007). Management accounting is concerned with the attainment of organizational goals and for serving the strategies of the or ganization (Durden, n. , p. 2). Hence, management accounting is concerned with the accounting information which is intended to be used within the organization and for the achievement of the goals of the organization. Management accounting is used in organizations to make decisions regarding the competitiveness of the business by the collection, processing, and the communication of the information which will hence help the management of the business in planning, controlling and evaluating the processes of the business and the strategies of the company.The controllers in the large organizations are basically the leaders who run the management accounting function of the company and the controller then reports the accounting information to the finance heads which helps them in taking organizational wide decisions. At Tesco the management accountants are known for having a number of responsibilities including the collection of information from the different cost and profit centers, evalu ation of the information, and the identification of the appropriate solutions to the problems faced by the cost or profit centers.The management accountants have a responsibility of identifying the appropriate and the most cost efficient distribution systems. This role of management accounting in Tesco is related to the establishment and administration of effective control mechanisms. Another management accounting function of Tesco is the sales forecasting, which is related to the identification of the needs of the customers, sales volumes and the effects of seasonal fluctuations on the sales. The management accountants have also the responsibility of ordering the right quantity of supplies at the right time.The management accountants are also responsible for developing cost, sales and profit budgets and to make capital investment plans. The management accountants also are responsible for the comparison of the plans and budgets with the benchmarks set and the identification of the d iscrepancies. The management accountants work towards taking the corrective measures in case of variances between the actual and the standard budgets. The task of standard costing is assigned to them which they use to take decisions which are useful for achieving the organizational goals.The group strategy section of the financial reports shows the management roles in Tesco. The customer researches are conducted to know the extent of their satisfaction and their needs. The management accountants also plan the growth rates in the different markets across the world. The management roles are also highlighted in the capital expenditures section of the annual reports of Tesco. The capital expenditure plans are made by the management accountants. Tesco has planned for major capital expenditures which will enable it to diversify and move into expansion phases worldwide throughout all its retail chains.The management accountants are also responsible for evaluating and critically analyzing t he cash position of Tesco. The management accountants are charged with the responsibility of generating cash sources and reducing the capital expenditures of the retail stores. The working capital is reduced in 2012 which has enabled Tesco to have increased cash inflows (TESCO, 2012). Functions of Modern Management Accounting at Tesco The roles of management accountants in the modern era have increased and have been very diverse in the organizations.The management accountants have many responsibilities including the formulation of accounting policies, statistical reports, administration of tax policies, coordination of the reports, preparation and the interpretation of the annual reports and the financial statements of organizations, audit of the accounting transactions and the records, compilation of the business costs, costing and planning of inventories, and the interpretation of the statistical reports of the organization.At Tesco the management accountants are engaged in making budgets including annual as well as monthly budgets. The budgets prepared are used for planning the resources and the supplies required for the operations of the business. The management accountants at Tesco are responsible for looking ahead and predicting the future of the business. The management accountants prepare reports which are used within Tesco and are intended for internal use by the management rather than the outside stakeholders.The reports prepared are kept confidential because they serve as the basis of the development of the strategies of Tesco. The management accountants have a dual reporting role within Tesco in that they are responsible for developing and managing the teams within Tesco and at the same time reporting to the chief financial officers and the financial departments. The management accountants at Tesco provide information related to the forecasts and plans, they perform variance analysis and monitor the cost centers.Therefore they serve to be the contr ollers as well as the financial planners for Tesco. The management accountants gather financial information from all the department of Tesco, organize the data, analyze and interpret and then report their findings to the financial departments of Tesco. Therefore, the management accounting plays a very key role in Tesco. The management accounting over the years have also developed many management systems (Anthony & Govindarajan, 2007).The management accountants are reported to by all the accounting departments and they are responsible for presenting their financial suggestions to the financial executives for the implementation of the plans. The management accountants at Tesco are therefore charged with the overall responsibility of managing and interpreting very large amounts of accounting information, and then reporting their findings to the chief financial officers. References Tesco PLC. (2013). Our Strategy. Retrieved from http//www. tescoplc. com/index. asp? pageid=12 Tesco PLC. (2012).Annual Report and Financial Statements. Retrieved from http//www. tescoplc. com/files/reports/ar2012/files/pdf/tesco_annual_report_2012. pdf Durden, C. (n. d). The role of management accounting in organizational Control systems preliminary evidence of an organic Approach. pp. 1-50. Retrieved from http//www. afaanz. org/openconf/2008/modules/request. php? module=oc_proceedings&action=view. php&a=Accept+as+Paper&id=570 Anthony, R. N. , & Govindarajan, V. (2007). Management control systems. USA Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Bhimani, A. , & Langfield-Smith, K. (2007).Management AccountingRunning Head MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING The Management Accountant in Business Name of the Writer Name of the Institution The Management Accountant in Business Introduction Tesco Public Limited Company is a merchandising retailer and a grocery retailer multinational chain which has its headquarter in Cheshunt in the United Kingdom. Tesco as compared to its counterparts, Walmart and Carrefour, is the worlds third largest retail store with regard to the revenues that it generates. Tesco stands as the second largest retail stores of the world with regard to its profits, with Walmart being the first.Tesco has its retail stores spread across almost 14 countries of the world of Asia, North America and Europe. Tesco public limited company is the market leader in its home country United Kingdom with a market share of almost 30%. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 which operated as a group of stalls in the market. After its inception today Tesco plc operates across diverse areas of clothing, electronics, furniture, books, financial services and internet services. Tesco is listed at the London Stock Exchange and is a part of the FTSE 100 index having a market capital of approximately ? 24. billion and a symbol of TSCO. Tesco has been operating with seven business segments, namely, Tesco Superstores, Tesco express, Tesco metro, Tesco extra, One stop, Tesco Homeplus, and Dobbies. The market share of Tesco as recorded in 2012 was 30. 2% which was the highest as compared to its European counterparts. Tesco has developed its marketing headline to be, Every little helps. The tag line is represented in all the print and TV advertisements of Tesco which represents the value that Tesco offers to its customers against the price that they pay, with the value being more than the price of the products.Tesco not only works for company profits but also for the community at large in which it operates. Tesco has a value of contributing 1. 8% of its profits to the charitable organizations. Tesco has a culture based on its values of trust and respect. Tesco employees and management believe that the customers would come back to visit the stores for their shopping if they are satisfied with the products and the service. Tesco believes that the success of the company as a whole depends on the contribution of the employees and the customer satisfaction.Management accounting is also used in makin g strategic management decisions (Dixon & Smith, 1993) . Tesco has seven core strategies on which it operates in the long run. The foremost strategy of Tesco is to grow the United Kingdom core business from where it started its operations and expanded globally. The United Kingdom being the largest business operating unit of Tesco generates the largest share of revenues and profits therefore Tesco needs to develop this major segment of the business.Tesco also has a goal of being the worlds largest retailer which it has been able to achieve since 1997 and has become the leading retail store in almost eight of its international retail stores. Tesco was originally a food retailer when it started operating and from then onwards it has aimed at becoming the strongest brand in the non-food items as well. Besides the growth in the United Kingdom segment Tesco has also a strategy of growing its retail stores in the other markets in which it has presence. Tesco believes in serving the communi ty and working for its welfare so that the corporate responsibility of Tesco is fulfilled.Tesco also aims to make high value brands at very competitive prices. Tesco aims to build brands that are highly appealing to the customers and also in providing the customers with quality products. Tesco also builds teams that are very committed to their work and has developed leaders who are dedicated and hard working. The leaders at Tesco have a major responsibility of building teams and working for the attainment of the organizational goals (Tesco, 2013). Tesco works closely with the customers and continuously collects their feedback by engaging focus groups in the feedback collection process.The research center facilitates the identification of the research areas and the areas of concern in the profit centers. The customer feedback collected enables Tesco to make changes to the business processes so that they better meet the customer needs. Tesco also works closely with its suppliers to de velop the best brands and also bring in a variety of offers for the customers. Tesco works with a number of suppliers including the FMCG companies and the local suppliers providing goods for the regional retail stores.Management Accounting Functions at Tesco Management Accounting is distinguished from Financial Accounting as being an accounting constituent that is concerned with the measurement, analysis and the reporting of information regarding the financial and non-financial operations of the business, and taking decisions which are necessary for the attainment of goals of the organization (Bhimani & Langfield, 2007). Management accounting is concerned with the attainment of organizational goals and for serving the strategies of the organization (Durden, n. , p. 2). Hence, management accounting is concerned with the accounting information which is intended to be used within the organization and for the achievement of the goals of the organization. Management accounting is used in organizations to make decisions regarding the competitiveness of the business by the collection, processing, and the communication of the information which will hence help the management of the business in planning, controlling and evaluating the processes of the business and the strategies of the company.The controllers in the large organizations are basically the leaders who run the management accounting function of the company and the controller then reports the accounting information to the finance heads which helps them in taking organizational wide decisions. At Tesco the management accountants are known for having a number of responsibilities including the collection of information from the different cost and profit centers, evaluation of the information, and the identification of the appropriate solutions to the problems faced by the cost or profit centers.The management accountants have a responsibility of identifying the appropriate and the most cost efficient distributio n systems. This role of management accounting in Tesco is related to the establishment and administration of effective control mechanisms. Another management accounting function of Tesco is the sales forecasting, which is related to the identification of the needs of the customers, sales volumes and the effects of seasonal fluctuations on the sales. The management accountants have also the responsibility of ordering the right quantity of supplies at the right time.The management accountants are also responsible for developing cost, sales and profit budgets and to make capital investment plans. The management accountants also are responsible for the comparison of the plans and budgets with the benchmarks set and the identification of the discrepancies. The management accountants work towards taking the corrective measures in case of variances between the actual and the standard budgets. The task of standard costing is assigned to them which they use to take decisions which are useful for achieving the organizational goals.The group strategy section of the financial reports shows the management roles in Tesco. The customer researches are conducted to know the extent of their satisfaction and their needs. The management accountants also plan the growth rates in the different markets across the world. The management roles are also highlighted in the capital expenditures section of the annual reports of Tesco. The capital expenditure plans are made by the management accountants. Tesco has planned for major capital expenditures which will enable it to diversify and move into expansion phases worldwide throughout all its retail chains.The management accountants are also responsible for evaluating and critically analyzing the cash position of Tesco. The management accountants are charged with the responsibility of generating cash sources and reducing the capital expenditures of the retail stores. The working capital is reduced in 2012 which has enabled Tesco to have i ncreased cash inflows (TESCO, 2012). Functions of Modern Management Accounting at Tesco The roles of management accountants in the modern era have increased and have been very diverse in the organizations.The management accountants have many responsibilities including the formulation of accounting policies, statistical reports, administration of tax policies, coordination of the reports, preparation and the interpretation of the annual reports and the financial statements of organizations, audit of the accounting transactions and the records, compilation of the business costs, costing and planning of inventories, and the interpretation of the statistical reports of the organization.At Tesco the management accountants are engaged in making budgets including annual as well as monthly budgets. The budgets prepared are used for planning the resources and the supplies required for the operations of the business. The management accountants at Tesco are responsible for looking ahead and pr edicting the future of the business. The management accountants prepare reports which are used within Tesco and are intended for internal use by the management rather than the outside stakeholders.The reports prepared are kept confidential because they serve as the basis of the development of the strategies of Tesco. The management accountants have a dual reporting role within Tesco in that they are responsible for developing and managing the teams within Tesco and at the same time reporting to the chief financial officers and the financial departments. The management accountants at Tesco provide information related to the forecasts and plans, they perform variance analysis and monitor the cost centers.Therefore they serve to be the controllers as well as the financial planners for Tesco. The management accountants gather financial information from all the department of Tesco, organize the data, analyze and interpret and then report their findings to the financial departments of Tes co. Therefore, the management accounting plays a very key role in Tesco. The management accounting over the years have also developed many management systems (Anthony & Govindarajan, 2007).The management accountants are reported to by all the accounting departments and they are responsible for presenting their financial suggestions to the financial executives for the implementation of the plans. The management accountants at Tesco are therefore charged with the overall responsibility of managing and interpreting very large amounts of accounting information, and then reporting their findings to the chief financial officers. References Tesco PLC. (2013). Our Strategy. Retrieved from http//www. tescoplc. com/index. asp? pageid=12 Tesco PLC. (2012).Annual Report and Financial Statements. Retrieved from http//www. tescoplc. com/files/reports/ar2012/files/pdf/tesco_annual_report_2012. pdf Durden, C. (n. d). The role of management accounting in organizational Control systems preliminary ev idence of an organic Approach. pp. 1-50. Retrieved from http//www. afaanz. org/openconf/2008/modules/request. php? module=oc_proceedings&action=view. php&a=Accept+as+Paper&id=570 Anthony, R. N. , & Govindarajan, V. (2007). Management control systems. USA Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Bhimani, A. , & Langfield-Smith, K. (2007).

Creative Task Essay

When someone prizes us barely as we are, he or she confirms our existence. My feet were so cold. The only thing I could feel was the muddy water soaking through my hackneyed sneakers and my tattered socks as I was walking through the streets of Brooklyn on a cold, rainy Decembers evening. After in all, how could I feel anything else? Id just been fired from my telephone line my girlfriend had just kicked me kayoed of the closest thing I had to a home and the only place I could hazard to go was my dads spare house. I was carrying the only thing I was able to put down from my girlfriends a crackment, my 6 string nylon guitar which I grabbed so that I could feel a wizard of ownership all over something. My girlfriend said it was useless to me anyway because when incessantly I played it, apparently it sounded a bid(p) a two wild gorillas trying to kill each other. For some reason, whe neer she said that I forever and a day thought of our relationship. But besides that, I was alone on the streets of Brooklyn with nothing besides my wallet, the microscopic coin it had left in it, my guitar, my drenching apparel and no hope.After moping some the cold dark streets for an minute I finally found my dads old house that he never sold, alone kept for a spare. He gave me a key for it in case I ever found myself in need and at this portend in time Id never entangle more this way. I dragged myself up on to the front porch and tangle through my pockets for the key. As I stepped closer to the gateway I heard a growl, a growl that make me feel like I was invading the territory of a wolf in the forest. Despite this feeling I felt no fear of what I could not see in the shadows, but I was curious as to what had made itself comfortable on my front porch. Before I had time to even step into the shadow, what appeared to be a golden retriever leaped out of the shadow. The dog had deceived me in my formerly estimated image as a unrelenting stray, as it only beted like a joyous little puppy seeking shelter from the rain. I think that I must prevail scared the poor little thing as I approached the verge of my temporary new home.The dog stared at me with wide glowing eyes, as if it was begging me for a place to stay, but the last thing I needed was a dog which would need victorious care of, when I was unsure if I could do so to myself. You can stay outside little fella, I murmured to the pup assuming that it would be gone by morning. I received no reply, as the dog just kept the same facial expression whilst glaring into my eyes. I wandered on inside to try and get a good night sleep so I could have a clear mind in the morning to think about how I was going to severalise my oscillate-bottomed life out. Two weeks had passed and I had made a start to gathering what options I had left and bit them into the best possible outcomes. The only problem was it wasnt a hole-shot of a start. I had been to 2 job converses which only lasted about 5 m inutes each, and I had not heard back from the managers. Isnt that shining? I had a huge lack in confidence and my self-esteem had gone through rock bottom and kept plummeting.It was raining outside so I had thought that I should go and get the newspaper so I could desperately look for any job that I could get my detainment on. As I went to open the door I felt a resistance pushing against it. I put the little energy I had into a shove that might have knocked over a pedestal fan, and couldnt open the door. Finally, I heard this object pull itself up and move out of my way. I opened the door to find the golden retriever puppy staring at me with the same enticing glare it gave me when I first arrived at my house. I couldnt resist to the stare this time more or less as it was freezing cold outside and pouring rain, so I thought I would arrogate it in. Come on in buddy, let me get you washed up, I said excitedly. As I let this stranger ride into my home and walked to grab the newsp aper, a sudden rush of enthusiasm and excitement ran throughout my body like I had just met my childhood hero. I walked through the door and the puppy was still staring at me the same way it was when I had found it. It didnt seem to mind the mess as much as my dad did when he came to help me get on my feet a little.I looked closer at the dog and saw a rough looking troika with the name tag bowman. I fixed Archer some of my leftovers that I had piled up over the past couple of weeks, and by the time I had found one job offer in the newspaper he had destroyed the collection of cold toast, bacon and baked beans like he was a captive on death row receiving his last meal. There was something about Archers personality that made me feel comfortable and not alone. I felt that maybe this could be a turning point in my life that was only heading in a southerly direction. The next job interview that I had was probably the worst one yet. The store owner was a complete jerk and told me simp ly what he thought of me straight to my face, as if my presence was imaginary. Why would anyone want to hire an unshaven, underdressed, useless bandage of garbage like you? Get out of my office he shouted in my general direction. I was plainly intimidated and embarrassed by this big shot and I was back to square one. on the whole messed up with nowhere to go. Feeling depressed and unsatisfied, I decided to drag myself home and repeat my so called routine that I had developed over the past 3 weeks look for a job, eat, sleep, look for a job and repeat. As I stumbled back onto my front porch I heard tapping on the floorboards I my house, but wasnt in the right state of mind to even think what it was. I opened the door without a care and saw a pair of glowing eyes staring right at me. It was Archer, and he looked like he had never been so happy to see me. I had been so down(p) and belittled that I had lost thought of Archer. A tear rolled down my cheek and dropped onto my shirt. I cou ldnt figure out whether this tear was because I was unsure of my existence as a part of the human race, or because I had realised that I had something important in my life without realising.I dropped onto my knees and gave Archer a huge hug, feeling relieved. For the rest of the day I played with Archer and cleaned him up. I felt like he was my only friend. The only person who didnt judge me even if I was a useless piece of garbage. He gave me a sense of confidence that I had never felt before. He made me feel that my existence on planet earth was of some worth. Within a socio-economic class of the day that Archer had performed the miracle of instilling a person with happiness and friendship, I had completely steered my life around. I had gained enough confidence to go for my dream job a gig playing my guitar and singing at a top nightsociety in Brooklyn.I played my music for the manager at the club and he said I could possibly be the next big thing within a couple of years time. I had found a girl who was perfect for me and appreciated me for who I was, strange my last partner. I was earning enough money to start renting a house that my girlfriend, Archer and I had moved into and I was feeling like I could do anything that was possible to man. I found it astonishing that a dog just a dog, could turn a mans life around. It was all thanks to him, making me realise that there are things in life that are worth staying around for. If it wasnt for him standing at my door on that cold dark day, Im not sure that I would be here to tell this story today.

Learning from LeapFrog Essay

1. What was the Leapfrog military control model at the cartridge clip that the company launched its first products and services? How did the business model change over time?2. Who atomic number 18 bounds key stakeholders? How does LeapFrog deliver value to each of these stakeholder groups?3. At the time of the case, Leapfrog had beat the 3 consumer toy company in the U.S. behind 1 and 2, Mattell and Hasbro respectively. What factors contributed to Leapfrogs success? Do you expect the success to continue in the future?4. What challenges and opportunities does the company look in early 2003? Would you purchase stock in Leapfrog? Why or why non? As an independent part of the companys board of directors, what would you expect of management in the short-term and long-term? How would you fulfill your fiduciary duties to the companys shareholders?canyon cattle ranch1. What is the value of customer information to Canyon Ranch? 2. As CIO, how would you make the case for customer r elationship management (CRM) and business intelligence (BI) systems at Canyon Ranch? 3. What impact would you anticipate these systems to have on the Canyon Ranch strategy and capabilities? 4. What advice do you have for Canyon Ranch executives?Business Intelligence Software at SYSCO1. What will be the biggest obstacles baptistryd by the business intelligence implementation as it expands throughout SYSCO? 2. Why did SYSCO decide to initially regale only ii questions with its untested BI software, rather than using it as a more general analysis cock in the operating companies? Why didBusiness Objects recommend this approach? What are its strengths and weaknesses? 3. Will effective mapping of BI software ever be a competitive differentiator for SYSCO? Wouldnt it be open for another food service company to also purchase and implement similar software? 4. How a lot software should Day purchase at this time?Boeings e-Enabled Advantage1. What challenges and opportunities did Boein g face in the deep 1990s? 2. What is the e-Enabled Advantage? How did it link to the companys strategy? 3. What advantages would such an approach give Boeing?4. What challenges did Boeing face in executing such a radical red-hot strategy?CareGroup1. Describe the health take context in which the case occurs. 2. List several strengths of the IT environment at CareGroup. 3. On the other hand, disposition several weaknesses that led to the collapse. 4. Evaluate carefully the 10 lessons that John Halamka learned from the experience. What are the pros and cons of each of these lessons? are there other learnings that come from this situation?The IPremier familiarity Denial of Service Attack1. How well did the IPremier Company perform during the seventy-five minute ardour? If you were Bob Turley, what might have you done differently during the invade? 2. The IPremier Company CEO, Jack Samuelson, had already expressed to Bob Turley his concern that the company might eventually give birth from a deficit in operating procedures. Were the companys operating procedures deficient in responding to this flesh out? What additional procedures might have been in place to better handle the attack? 3. Now that the attack has ended, what can the IPremier Company do to prepare for another such attack? 4. Describe the ethical implications of not being sure if credit card numbers had been stolen. What options do you have in the struggle to be an ethical vendor, yet to stay in business? What actions would you take? 5. In the aftermath of the attack, what would you be upset(a) about? What actions would you recommend?Strategic Outsourcing at Bharti Airtel Limited1. What must Bharti do well to succeed in the Indian mobile phone market? What are Bhartis core competencies? 2. Do you think Bharti should attain the outsourcing agreements outlined by Gupta? What do you see as advantages and disadvantages of such agreements? How do the different outsourcing agreements work towards structure these core competencies? 3. If you were Bharti, what study concerns would you have about entering an outsourcing agreement with IBM? With Ericsson, Nokia, or Siemens? 4. How would you structure the agreements to address your concerns and capture any advantages you have identified? What governance mechanisms would you design for the agreements? 5. Assume the role of IBM or Nokia. What major concerns would you have about entering an agreement with Bharti? How would you structure the agreement and the governance mechanisms?VW of America Managing IT Priorities1. What is your assessment of the new process for managing priorities at Volkswagen of America? Are the criticisms justified? Is it an improvement over the old process? 2. Who controls the budgets from which IT projects are funded at Volkswagen of America? Who should control these budgets? Should the IT department have its own budget? 3. How should Matulovic respond to his fellow executives who are calling to ask him for special treatment outside the new priority management system? 4. What should Matulovic do about the unfunded Supply Flow project?The ITC eChoupal Initiative1. What was ITCs motivation for creating the eChoupal?2. What were the old and new physical flows and information flows in the channel?3. What principles did it employ as it built the newly-fashioned supply chain?4. What barriers did ITC face in embarking on this project?5. How should ITC develop this platform for the future?

Answer some question Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer some question - Research Paper ExampleThe annual reports provide a detailed account of the ope proportionalityns of the corporations and disclosure of corporations financial position (Sherman 64). Basically, the annual reports catch income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statements and statements of shareholders equity.Financial ratio analysis guides the equity investors in assessing the performance of their investments. It helps them to match the performance of their companies over time and across the industry. In regard to the short term creditors, financial ratio analysis enables the creditors assess the potential of the company to meet its short term credits obligations (Sherman 82). On the new(prenominal) hand, financial ratio analysis will enable long term creditors to assess the companys ability to repay the borrowed loans and loan interest within the stipulated time.When making an investment by depositing money in the bank that pays compound interests, it is bet ter to choose an option that results to frequent compounding. Therefore, the best option in this elusion is the one that pays compound interests on a daily basis (Sherman 109). This is because compounding the interests daily results to additional hood from the interest earned for the next